The Psychological Effects of Childhood Obesity free essay sample

There is no specific reason that describes either why a child would fall into this group or why this number is on the rise. The physical disadvantages of obesity have been well documented. While the psychological effects often seem to be bypassed in most studies. Childhood obesity has many effects of the psyche of a child and those effects can and frequently will carry on into adulthood. There are traditionally three schools of thought about what causes childhood obesity. The first is excessive eating. There are approximately three thousand five hundred calories in a pound so if a child takes in an extra fifty to one hundred calories every day it could lead to a yearly weight gain of five to ten pounds. This does not seem significant until accumulation is allowed for, an addition of fifty pounds to a child’s weight between the ages of thirteen and eighteen is substantial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychological Effects of Childhood Obesity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second is a lack of exercise. In order to maintain a healthy weight a body must burn as many calories as it takes in.Society has become increasingly dependent on technology and thus has place higher value on computer skills then athletic or manual labor skills. Many school systems in the United States have cut funding for physical education programs in favor of promoting technology-based learning. For some children this is the only exercise they will get all day, for when they arrive home they almost immediately watch television or play video games. As a side effect, this also promotes lethargy in children making it more difficult for them to burn the necessary calories to maintain a healthy weight.The third, and sometimes most popular, reason people chose to explain childhood obesity tends to be the least likely reason for it, genetics. It is in fact very rare that a child is overweight due to illness or genetic disorder. Parentage does have a large influence on obesity, but it is less to do with genetics and more to do with health and fitness habits. If a child comes from a family that is overweight, they are more likely to be overweight as well because they will mimic their parent’s behavior in both diet and exercise.If the parent sets an example of daily exercise and a balanced diet the child will be far less likely to become overweight. However, there are some genetic disorders that will make it far more difficult for a child to burn calories such as hypothyroidism, a disorder that causes the body’s metabolis m to slow and store fats and calories much easier than an individual that is unaffected with the disorder. When a child is obese, they are much more likely to suffer from disorders such as hyperglycemia, or diabetes, heart disease, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer like colon cancer.Diabetes is a disorder is which the pancreas cannot produce a sufficient supply of insulin, the chemical responsible in the digestion of sugars. This disorder if not closely watched can cause blindness, liver failure and limb amputation due to increased likelihood of festering wounds on the feet and hands. There have been only a few studies that have delved deeply into the connection between level of happiness and weight in a child. Those studies have found a definite link between obesity and some mental and emotional disorders. The finding that obese individuals experience greater interpersonal sensitivity was not surprising. Body image disturbance, self-esteem concerns, lack of confidence in social situations, and the perpetual social stigma of obesity all contribute to a heightened sensitivi ty related to conflicted needs for social acceptance, inclusion, and self-validation. In addition, the depressive tendency to withdraw and isolate oneself from interpersonal environments may explain the high scores on the Psychoticism subscale.Obese individuals may be more prone to develop various psychotic symptoms and personal adjustment problems than individuals who are not obese. † (Mills,1995) Depression seems to be particularly prevalent in children with above average (body mass index value). Depression comes in many forms and effects every individual differently: some of the more common symptoms are irritability, lethargy, thoughts of self-harm, and aggression. Poor self-esteem is another symptom brought on by obesity.A lack of self-esteem may cause poor performance in areas a child would otherwise succeed. Though poor physical performance is associated with obese children due to physical restriction or health, one of the other primary reasons is a lack of confidence in the child’s ability to perform the activity. Poor body image is present in a large amount of children and adolescents who struggle with weight control. This can lead to unhealthy habits or practices that can farther debilitate an individual both psychologically and physically.Eating disorders such as anorexia, a disorder where in a person excessively exorcises and eats very little obsessing over what little they do eat, or bulimia a condition similar to anorexia where the individual will binge eat and then try to compensate by either excessively exorcising or forcing themselves to purge or vomit, can be a result of poor body image. There is also a disorder known as body dysmorphic body disorder that can result from continued poor body image. BDD is a condition where the person affected obsesses over a particular perceived flaw to an extreme that can cause psychological stress that can interrupt their lives.Some of the psychological problems that are associated with childhood obesity can be attributed to teasing or bullying fro m family and peers. There is a stigma in American society associated with obesity. Due to this stigma many overweight children are bullied by other children and at times adults. A study done to ascertain the extent of size discrimination amongst children found the following. â€Å"It is essential to address any existing psychiatric problems, including depression, poor self-esteem, negative self-image and withdrawal from peers. From an early age, society stigmatizes obese people as lazy, stupid, slow and self-indulgent.Studies have shown that children express negative attitudes toward their obese peers as early as kindergarten, and that they prefer a playmate who is bound to a wheelchair or disabled by a major physical handicap to one who is obese. There is a clear association between obesity and low self-esteem, especially in adolescents. During the office visit, it is imperative that physicians be sensitive to and accepting of these patients, focusing on positive aspects and ensuring that treatment plans will not further damage an already fragile sense of self-e steem. (Moran, 1999) This can contribute to some psychological disorders that affect the child social behavior. J. Pediatr preformed a clinical and nonclinical study and found these results: â€Å"[the results of the study] showed that discrimination may account for important social consequences of obesity in childhood, adolescence, and later adulthood† (Pediatr, 1997). This greatly supports the theory of peer importance on immediate and long term social competency. Humans are social animals so when a person suffers from social anxiety or social isolation it can negatively affect their ability to perform or function in their everyday lives.Social isolation may affect a child’s performance in school and thus limit their career options and earning potential later in life. Socialization has been shown to be an effective mental exorcise. Proper socialization can improve memory so the opposite can be deduces that social isolation can cause stunted memory and intellectual performance. Social anxiety can cause many other problems that can disrupt a person’s life. It can cause severe fear of any social situations including simply being in the presence of unfamiliar people.These individuals are hyper sensitive to criticism and have a crippling fear that others are judging them. This could impact school in children and later work life as adults. Social anxiety can manifest as panic attacks that cause the person’s blood pressure to rise, difficulty breathing and heart palpitations. In severe cases panic attacks can lead to heart attack or stroke. Obese children are more than three times as likely to become obese adults so issues that develop early should be addressed early in order to prevent their persistence into adulthood. After an obese child reaches six years of age, the probability that obesity will persist exceeds 50 percent, and 70 to 80 percent of obese adolescents will remain so as adults. The presence of obesity in at least one parent increases the risk of persistence in children at every age. †(Moran,1999) Low self-esteem and social anxiety can retard growth in areas like career and personal relationships. There are some studies that show that women in particular that are overweight suffer from more relationship problems and from poor career performance.In men, persistent obesity can affect educational achievement negatively (Viner Cole, 2005). Obesity has a drastic effect on a person’s health when it is sustained from childhood into adulthood. Chronic breathing disorders including sleep apnea and cardio obstructive pulmonary disease can cause increased risk of suffocation in obese individuals. Diabetes, when not cared for properly, can lead to kidney failure and the use of dialysis machines until a transplant is available, morbid obesity however will disqualify a patient for a transplant.The importance of prevention and recovery of childhood obesity has been made clear. There are several ways to help not only those already suffering from obesity. The first is a drastic change in both diet and exercise. Even a gradual reduction in calorie intake and the beginning of a regular exercise routine can help over time. Eating a balanced diet low in sugars, fats and calories can help maintain health and boost a person’s metabolism. A reduction of three thousand five hundred calories in any given amount of time will reduce weight by one pound.Equally increasing exercise can help burn calories, the average run burns around five hundred calories so if a person runs an hour a day and cuts five hundred calories a day that person can lose two pounds a week. It is also necessary to have both psychiatric and familial support while perusing recovery. A study was conducted to find out if family and clinical support had any effect on a child’s BMI and behavior â€Å"Families whose children succeeded in BMI reduction appeared more resourceful and tended to embrace ideas for making lifestyle changes.Unsuccessful families, however, found it harder to alter their lifestyle and often met barriers to change† (Owen, Sharp, Shield, Turner, 2009). Counseling may help the individual by giving them coping skills to deal with poor self-esteem and social anxiety. It can also help work through any emotional reasons the person has gained weight such as stress. Equally, it is important that the family support their child or adolescence weight loss goals, even if they themselves do not suffer from obesity. Support by encouragement by joining in with diet and exercise can be indispensable.Also family and councilors should never discourage a child by calling them out on a missed exercise session or slip up on their diet. Instead they should tell the child that there will be more opportunities and offer encouragement to do better tomorrow. Because of both the physical and psychological damage obesity can cause, adults should always be alert and aware of the symptoms in children. Obesity affects a child well into adulthood preventing fulfilling relationships and careers. Obesity can also become a fatal condition by increasing the risk of psychological morbidity and physical deterioration. Some of the trauma that obesity causes is from outside sources like bullying and thus the child will need counseling to learn coping techniques. Counseling can also effective in ascertaining the reason for obesity and learning socialization and esteem building exorcises. This condition can be prevented if steps to maintain a healthy diet and exorcise are taken. References Cornette, R. (2008). The emotional impact of obesity on children. Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(3), 136-141. Mills, J. K. (1995). A note on interpersonal sensitivity and psychotic symptomatology in obese adult outpatients with a history of childhood obesity.

Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Example

Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Example Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay and will detest those who follow Him. Besides in Israelite tradition, the warnings of the danger of foreign civilizations ( their Gods, and adult females! ) . Then throughout the Wisdom books, particularly in Proverbs, the two ways: that of the wise, who follow the counsel of seniors, and tribunal Lady Wisdom ; and that of the foolish, who fail even to larn from their ain errors, and shun the voice of Lady Wisdom to follow in the ways of Lady Folly. All of the Ancient Near East civilizations had their portion of wisdom literature. Often these sapiential plants form the classics of a given civilization s literary end product. Greece, for illustration, gives us such truth as the unexamined life is non deserving populating from Socrates, All work forces by nature desire to cognize from Aristotle, and of class the wise advocate carved into the portal at the Oracle of Delphi: Know Thyself, which is told to us by Plato in his wide-ranging work, Charmides. The cardinal desire for cognition as such characterizes human nature. Many writers from clip immemorial to today go on to work out their apprehension of human nature, themselves, and above all God and his relationship to us. All of these are cardinal subjects of Wisdom Literature. Murphy speaks of the Wisdom Literature and its timeless instructions, its eminently practical nature, its cosmopolitan impact. How do I carry on myself in a righteous mode, so that I and my family/tribe/nation might thrive, and live in the visible radiation of the Lord s approvals? How do I avoid the booby traps of so many people we see around us who are ensnared in all kinds of calamities? These are practical concerns of people of every state and coevals. Murphy points out while the scriptural Wisdom Literature is divinely inspired ; it speaks to us in ways curiously abstracted from history and civilization. As such, civilizations can pull this cosmopolitan wisdom from its adjacent civilizations, following its experience and wisdom for the prosperity of its ain kids. Much of the scriptural Wisdom Literature is closely related to traditions of other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Much of the Book of Proverbs seems to hold been pulled as big balls from a similar book of Egyptian beg inning. The character of Job resembles a Babylonian narrative from the 2nd millenary BCE. The Song of Songs has its equivalents in the adjacent civilizations, though few enjoy the length and elegance of the scriptural version. This free incorporation of foreign beginnings of Wisdom Literature into the divine canon of Scripture evidently speaks of the catholicity of human wisdom, but besides of disclosure itself. Put in pointed footings, if God saw fit to acknowledge the wisdom of the heathen Egyptians and hold them incorporated into some of the chapters of the scriptural Book of Proverbs ( for illustration ) , that tells us we ought to be unfastened and watchful to the possibility of happening godly wisdom-perhaps expressed in an uncomplete way-in the wisdom in other civilizations and spiritual traditions, as we see clearly in the instance of Wisdom Literature. Murphy mentioned early in his text that Wisdom Literature has ever been a spot fishy, in portion because of its clear incorporation of stuff from outside Israel, and in portion from its more universal-and less clearly religious-subject, doing in many texts really few mentions to the specific faith tradition of Israel. But tradition-both Judaic and C hristian-attests dependably to the natural, necessary, and godly inclusion of these texts. For illustration, on the inquiry of the canonicity of the Song of Songs, easy one of the more controversial inquiries of rightness for Godhead canonicity, the great Rabbi Akiba ben Yosef testified, The whole universe is non deserving the twenty-four hours on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Bibles are holy, but the Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies. Due to their poetic composing, many parts of the Wisdom principal are really hard to day of the month. Poetry by nature transcends beyond the normal scope of historic or cultural mentions to achieve its cosmopolitan truth. The fact that these books were intended to hold cosmopolitan entreaty and resonance agencies that they defy efforts to day of the month them. Job, for illustration, one of the longest of books, has non a individual identifiable historical mention, every bit good as holding the broadest scope of vocabulary. Other plants, such as Sirach and the Book of Wisdom can be comparatively dated to the early inter-testamental period. Likewise, the book of Psalms is a aggregation of anthem and supplications which were independently composed over a great period of clip, and frequently admit of characteristics enabling them be dated, at least by and large. At the clip of Jesus, Wisdom Literature was still comparatively new, but of increasing importance in the spiritual piousness and devotedness of his twenty-four hours. The survey of Wisdom Literature, so, provides us non merely with an penetration into the spiritual ambiance of the really early yearss of Christianity and that intertestamental period in which Jesus and the apostles lived and worked, but it provides us besides a broader grasp of the Bible in general. The Wisdom Books differ markedly from the remainder of the bible, and provides some of the most colorful literature in the Old Testament. So in analyzing these books, we give ourselves a better apprehension of the really wide base on which the Old Testament stands, and hence on which the Christian religion remainders. The Book of Job depict how the chief subject of this book is developed, how we read it in the visible radiation of Christian disclosure, and how its message may come into usage in pastoral state of affairss. There are several critical togss that weave through the scriptural book of Job, and merit treatment: theodicy ( the inquiry of the being of God in face of the job of immorality ) , the agony of the inexperienced person ( and the Deuteronomistic position of good and evil ) , and the development in the construct of Satan. The Righteous Sick person is a character in a Babylonian text that may hold been the theoretical account for the scriptural presentation of Job. He is beset by all sorts of disease and accidents. He is mocked even by his slaves, which in the Ancient Near East would hold been a profound abuse. This adult male fell to the deepnesss of human being. This sick person asks the inquiry that every grownup at one clip or another has asked: Why me? And this sick person provides a kind of expectancy by 500 old ages of the scriptural Job, who will inquire precisely the same inquiry. The necessary inquiry that Job brings to us, as Murphy tells us, is that of the agony of the inexperienced person. Our supporter was no great evildoer, non one who deserved the agony that befell him. When confronted with his friends who try to soak off his penalty as effect for wickedness, he knew that this was an overly simplistic rationalisation. Job did non give in to the facile accounts of his friends, the co nventional wisdom of his clip, to happen the reply to his agony. He knew he did non merit what happened. The response which the book of Job provides goes far beyond the bounds of Ancient Near East faiths, and reveals a God who is both utterly transcendent-and yet who is of all time closely near to those who suffer. Our life is non like a film where at the terminal everything is resolved and the hero wins and we move on merrily. The agony does non ever travel off. The enigma is non ever solved. Questions remain. Job is here to state us that that is all right. As Murphy tells us in his remarks, if any book, commentary, talk wholly resolves the book of Job, throw it out, it is a fraud. It is non within human capacity to penetrate the enigma. The simple response merely does non work. Satan, who is mentioned in Job 1:6-12 and 2:1-7 is non the individual we think of when we imagine the Satan or Satan as he is described in the New Testament. This character is non called Satan as though it were his proper name. This was originally a common noun, ( the adversary , the accuser ) , bespeaking an office. Satan we see in the book of Job is a member of the celestial tribunal, and is a merely and unsloped individual, an agent who God has commissioned to ferret out the unfaithful and put people to the trial. There is an development in the thought of Satan. The thought of the tester/ tempter , as an office held by a heavenly being in God s service, as we see in the Old Testament, changes into the Intertestamental and New Testament image of Satan as a proper name, as it has long been treated in the Christian head ( i.e. , Satan = the Satan ) . Merely in these ulterior times, in the Christian epoch, did this heavenly office semen to be combined with the evil 1 who brings people to their ruin: Jesus facing the Satan, the Satan we hear about in the Gospel who tempted Jesus, and who we hear about elsewhere in the bible, such as St. Paul. That leads to the inquiry ; did we contrive Satan, and the thought of an evil incarnate figure? Is that a appliance of early Christianity? Among many other writers, Henry Kelly discusses that a bogey adult male is utile for us, because we can state the Satan made me make it. Kelly s thesis is that the early Christians, without any wicked motivation, fundamentally manufactured this from assorted biblical mentions and mythology. That is non, nevertheless, what we believe as Catholics. We believe there is a uninterrupted flight of idea from comprehending this one who puts people to the trial by agencies of immorality, in the full disclosure of Christ, to a being and a world ( Satan and evil, severally ) that do oppose all that is good and all who are good in the World. What we see in Job is the seed of what we understand today. We are portion and package of this enigma. Can we truly say, The Satan made me make it? No. The Satan merely shows us something, tantalizes us, and we do the remainder. Note that in Genesis, what does the snake do that is evil? The snake does nil incorrect. It is wholly the adult female, so the adult male. And that sarcasm is sweet for Satan, and oppressing to us. That is why the phrase The Satan made me make it is such a false alibi. He didnt-we did. The Satan neer forces us anything. He merely shows us something attractive, something we will bask. And we fall for it. The Satan neer forced Adam and Eve to make anything. All he says is look into this out, and they take it from at that place. And that s the world of wickedness. Theodicy is the treatment in rational footings the possibility of the being of God in visible radiation of the inquiry of immorality and human agony. This is a topic of great involvement today, particularly in the last decennary. There have been some good written works on both sides. Agony is called the bedrock of godlessness. We can non disregard the inquiry of theodicy and atheism-not 25 centuries ago in Job, and surely non now. Theodicy involves two wide classs of immorality: Human/Moral Evil ( evil done by human moral agents ) and Natural Evil ( natural catastrophes, disease ) . How could a loving God allow the atrociousnesss of Nazi Germany? It seems incorrect for a loving God to convey this sort of enduring to the inexperienced person. For the inquiry of Moral Evil, that is the bosom of the affair. A tsunami kills 25,000 people in a few minutes. A Children s Hospital is filled with leukaemia patients. That is the most hard question-that of natural immorality. There is a Christian reply to agony, but it is non an easy reply. It goes far beyond what we are accustomed to hearing. We have to put aside oversimplified pietistic or rationalistic cliches. The reliable Christian response ( better than the word reply in this context ) is through the Cross. We live on this side of the Resurrection. Our response is non to set our custodies over our oral cavity, as Job did, but to indicate to a God who did non merely wipe out all agony, but did something even more profound: He entered into it with us. Through his ain agony of immorality through his life and decease, He destroys it from within through the Resurrection. God does non in any manner desire human agony, nor does he do human agony. But finally, whether it is natural immorality or moral immorality, God walks with us. He walked the manner long before us, and does so with us. Pope Benedict wrote that informants to the horrors of history frequently demand Where is God? but among those who ar e immersed in the world of enduring the consequence is merely the antonym. It is in the thick of enduring that they discover God. Jesus personally suffered more than any other individual perchance can. And through his life organic structure, he suffers each twenty-four hours. He suffered in the Holocaust in his self-emptying love for every psyche. All people seek some sort of theodicy, the inquiry of agony. Often it is the people who fail to earnestly see this inquiry of immorality who do go forth the religion. Those, on the other manus, who have seriously taken up the inquiry, tend to digest in their religion through these experiences. Job is introduced as a pious adult male. We see Satan turn toing God in the Heavenly Court, and disputing that people are faithful merely because God blesses them. God allows Satan to bring down the righteous Job. Job s three friends, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite are the writer s lampoons of the Deuteronomistic position of good and evil being the effect of righteousness or wickedness. Reflect now, what guiltless individual perishes? Since when are the unsloped destroyed? Job acknowledges his guilt, but he insists that his present catastrophe is non due to his ain wickedness, and he seeks to stand before the Almighty who he knows has the power to kill him, and asseverate his clean scruples. As the rhythm of addresss of the three friends begins wrapping to a decision, Job s position begins to alter. His eyes begin to open to the ultimate reply to his predicament: But as for me, I know that my Redeemer lives, and that he will at last base Forth upon the dust. From my flesh I shall see God ; my inmost being is consumed with yearning. Whom I myself shall see: my ain eyes, non another s, shall lay eyes on him. He is still seeking to calculate out God, but his bosom is softening. He senses that his ain head can non penetrate the enigma of God s ways. Before God comes into the image, a 4th friend enters, named Elihu ( He is my God ) , who brings the instance against Job, carried to its extremum, put more efficaciously than his predecessors. Job knew from the start that the Deuteronomistic morality of his friends was indefensible. Job hunts for an reply throughout the class of his agony, and despite the extent and continuance of his parturiencies he remains certain that there is an reply. In Job 38, at long last God speaks for the first clip since the beginning, and through a series of powerful images, he makes it clear that He is God, His wisdom and judgement is non to be doubted. It is of import to observe that God does non admonish Job for protesting his artlessness, but instead for asseverating that God had been in the incorrect in non delivering him from his problems: Will we have reasoning with the Almighty by the critic? Let him who would rectify God give reply! Then Job answered the LORD and said: Behold, I am of small history ; what can I reply you? I put my manus over my oral cavity . He realizes that nil he could state would demo his wisdom more than staying silent in the presence of true wisdom. The exegete J. C. McCann observed: By its rejection of the traditional theory of requital, the Book of Job reveals a God whose kernel is love, and therefore a God who suffers with, for, and on history of world and the universe. The response which the book of Job provides goes far beyond what any Ancient Near East writer may hold proposed. Not a God like the Babylonian pantheon. Rather the Book of Job points us toward a God whose ways and ideas are far above humanity s ways and ideas. And it points us toward belief in the God who will be revealed to us in Jesus Christ. This book can merely be grasped-if at all-in the visible radiation of the decease and Resurrection of Jesus. Every Sunday we commemorate the life, enduring, decease, and Resurrection of Christ. And Job can merely be explained in visible radiation of that enigma. Job is something we must discourse if we are to be able to assist people who are enduring. Reading Job would non be a simple recommendation for a agony parishioner. It would be a walk with them through their agony. Job comes to the realisation that he could non perforate the enigma, but trusted in God however. That is what we finally say when we are enduring, or reding one who is. This inquiry of the enigma of religion emerges straight from Job. It is a really powerful inquiry, and there is no simple reply. But reflecting on the God who walks with us and has gone in front of us on the route of agony, we can happen some peace amidst our agony, understanding that long before we have encountered person s agony, Christ endured it long earlier. There are people today who try to monger the Deuteronomistic sort of idea: make positive and you ll be blessed. It seems great when things are traveling good. But when people suffer, they realize the emptiness of this position. Job neer adopts this facile point of position. As people who are representatives of the religion, and who come to the assistance of others, we must cognize that those replies in the terminal will ever turn out false and illusive. Easy responses are alluring when confronted with existent human agony. We must walk with those who suffer in honestness and fairness. We deny the transcendency of God if we say we have this all wrapped up. If anyone could neatly sum up it, non merely would that author be a fraud, but the God they describe would be a fraud every bit good. As echt curates of the Gospel, we must prophesy the truth in and out of season. Christian life is of its kernel communal, as is human life. That is a contemplation of the Triune God. We best under stand God when He suffers with us and for our interest, because exactly so He is revealed as a God of infinite compassion. The difference between the book of Job and our religion today is the disclosure of Jesus Christ. Through his life, decease, and Resurrection, we see evil confronted by Christ in a manner impossible by Old Testament criterions. In the visible radiation of Christ, we see that Satan as portrayed in Job is a foretaste of Satan as finally revealed by Christ. There we see how the Old Testament is fulfilled in the New Testament, that cardinal motion of Christian Theology. The Truth of God and of humanity brought to visible radiation through the Passion of Christ. A love that walks with us, so true and powerful, that it is a individual who becomes one like us and suffers with us. Then by digesting that with us, gives us the hope and certainty that we will joy with him in the Resurrection. Job was surely non without wickedness. And you could state he has no right to reason with God. But he has something of a point besides, and his friends are incorrect. He s non speckless, but neither did he merit what he suffered. Though none of us are impeccant, none of us deserve malignant neoplastic disease, or to endure in an accident, or decease a barbarous slaying. That is the inquiry of the agony of the inexperienced person. That is the inquiry of Job. Describe the patterned advance of scriptural idea on adult females that is found in the wisdom books and in the related transitions which we have studied. Where do these positions leave us with regard to our Christian positions? You may wish to remember figures such as the married woman of Job, Lady Wisdom or the Ideal Wife from Proverbs, and others. By and large, there has been a reasonably consistent word picture of adult females throughout the Biblical Scriptures. Women, perchance more than work forces, were characterized by and large as shrewd, virtuous, hardworking, or faithful if they were Israelite, and oblique, fallacious, and immoral if they were foreign. As would be expected from this mostly patriarchal period of human history, and in this part, there were far fewer adult females playing cardinal functions in traditional narratives. However, there were noteworthy exclusions, both good and bad. The great fall-person blamed for all immorality in the universe is of class the captivated Eve. Many modern theologists note, nevertheless, that this was non to impeach adult female, but instead to convict the hubby Adam for neglecting in his responsibility. The flip-side of that, back to Eve, nevertheless, is the inexplicit ( or possibly non so inexplicit ) premise that it was the hubby s function to protect his bride. Some w ill state that is natural, some will state that affirms the weaker nature of the feminine. Despite this bad start, Israelite adult females ( which Eve is or is non, depending on your position ) are hailed for their wisdom, courage, intelligence, and astuteness. Miriam, the sister of Moses, was instead crisp. She abandoned her babe brother in a basket in the reeds of the Nile, waited for the Pharaoh s girl to come by, so offered her female parent to nurse the babe, therefore reconstructing the abandoned babe back to his natural female parent. It was wondrous shrewd on the portion of Miriam, but non really blandishing to Pharaoh s girl. Deborah was a warrior and a divinely appointed Judge and prophetess during the amphictyony. She took the office when no work forces would accept it. She told a adult male Barak to raise an ground forces against the Canaanites, but that he would hold to portion his triumph with a adult female. By a unusual bend of events, the opposing general escaped Barak s ground forces, and fled into the collapsible shelter of Heber. Heber s married woman Jael heartily greeted him, so stabbed him through the caput with a collapsible shelter nog in his slumber, carry throughing Deborah s prognostication. Esther was queen to King Xerxes of Persia ( after she won a beauty competition following his deposition of his first married woman ) . She risked her life ( by looking before the male monarch unsummoned, but she had prayed and fasted ) to expose a secret plan by the male monarch s top adviser, Haman, to kill off the Israelites, get downing with Mordecai, because he refused to bow Haman. Esther reversed onto Haman everything he had intended to make to Mordecai and the Israelites, and Esther is even to today hailed as a great figure in Judaic Tradition. Judith ingratiates herself to a foreign general who threatens to assail Israel. She increasingly earns his trust, and is allowed into his collapsible shelter. While he is in a bibulous daze, she decapitates him. The foreign ground forces sans its leader disbands, and the morale of the Israelites gets a encouragement. Judith is besides still hailed as a great figure of Judaic Tradition. The Egyptian married woman of Pharaoh s castle guard, Potiphar, falsely accuses Joseph of attempted criminal conversation and colza ( to revenge for his refusal to accept to adultery ) . This is the beginning of the long about consistent form of disapprobation of foreign adult females in the Old Testament. Samson s first married woman was a Philistine. He had told a conundrum to the people of her small town, and they in bend convinced her to cajole the reply out of him. She finally convinced him, and so told the reply to her villagers, who by all histories cheated at the conundrum. She ended up remarrying Samson s friend. Delilah played reasonably much the same game with Samson, and he lost once more, this clip with much bigger bets. Neither Philistine adult female could be said to hold been portrayed in any manner favourably. Rahab was a Canaanite cocotte in Jericho who harbored the Israelite undercover agents sent as a precursor to the Israelite besieging of Jericho. She earned the favour of Israel which allowed her to protect her family, and a topographic point of award in the household tree of Jesus. She does non, nevertheless, show much nationalism toward Jericho. But she was besides the female parent of Boaz, the hubby of Ruth ( the great-grandparents of King David ) , and is praised in Hebrews 11 for her religion. Solomon, the great male monarch gifted with godly wisdom, was an inspiration to all. But he squandered his gift in service to his many foreign married womans. To his defence, they were trade goods traded in political dialogues. But in supplying worship topographic points for their foreign faiths, he was finally turned away from the Lord to their foreign Gods. This of class led to national calamity, climaxing in the division of the land and the Exile. During the Exile, the Hebrewss restore their fidelity to the Lord, realize that their agony was caused by their unfaithfulness to the gift of the Torah, and finally return to their land with a renewed dedication to covenant fidelity. When they arrived back in Israel ( Persian Jehud ) , they found the leftover that had been left behind by the Babylonians intermarried among the Canaanites. To avoid another penalty from the Lord, Ezra and Nehemiah in talking about the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple besides speak about how Solomon ha d gotten in problem from foreign confederations and adult females. So what did Ezra and Nehemiah warn against? Do non get married foreign adult females. And if you re already married, throw out them from the dirt of Israel. Looking back over this study of the position of adult females in the history of Israel in Old Testament, we can see that with the exclusion of Rahab, who converts to the Israelite religion, foreign adult females are unsafe ( we could besides advert Jezebel ) , and Israelite adult females are epic ( of class there are many other adult females mentioned in the Old Testament: Abigail, Bathsheba, Rebekah, Sarah, Leah, Hannah, who fit this form ) . Traveling the treatment so to the feminine figures of Wisdom Literature, most conspicuously in Proverbs, we have some celebrated ladies come front phase: Lady Wisdom, Lady Folly, and the Ideal Wife. About from the beginning ( 1:20 ) of Proverbs, and woven throughout the Wisdom Literature ( Wisdom 7-8 ; Sir 1, 4, and 24 ; Bar 3 ; Proverbs 1-9 ) is the feminine personification of Wisdom. Throughout Proverbs we have the two ways systematically laid before us: the manner of the wise/good/life, and the manner of the fool/evil/death. These ways so go personified by the characters Lady Wisdom, who is to be embraced, to steer us along the right way, and Lady Folly, who our female parents warned us about, and the acrostic verse form of the Ideal Wife in Proverbs 31, who embodies the skilled, astute and hardworking qualities of a married woman that will convey award to her hubby and congratulations from her kids. In the Old Testament literature about God, there are several common togss, viz. , His wisdom, word, and spirit. It is interesting to observe that in the Old Testament, the lone property of God to be personalized is Wisdom. It is besides interesting to observe that merely as Wisdom Literature was shared among the civilizations of the Ancient Near East, so does the tradition of bodying Wisdom as a feminine figure. Linguistically, wisdom in Greek, is sophia, and in Hebrew, hokmah, both of which are feminine words. Therefore, when wisdom is personified, it s natural to utilize a feminine figure. About all the civilizations featured a feminine divinity ( such as Ishtar in Sumeria and Isis in Egypt ) of some kind, which was really normally related to wisdom. Even in certain Christian traditions, we can happen Michelangelo picturing Lady Wisdom in the Sistine Chapel, or images of the Trinity with a feminine figure picturing the Holy Spirit ( besides at times called the Wisdom of God ) . Finally, to happen declaration to the earlier study of scriptural adult females, we can look to the New Testament for ( as one might anticipate ) rather a different position. Jesus praises the Syrophoenician adult female for her religion. He addresses the Samaritan adult female at the well. He cures a girl of Abraham in the temple on the Sabbath. And in Luke, we have the scene where a adult female in the crowd shouts to Jesus, Blessed is the uterus that dullard you, and the chests that you sucked! A But Jesus responded, Blessed instead are those who hear the word of God and maintain it! A Of class what he was mentioning to was the same thing as in the terminal of Mark 3 ( Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother ) . He was widening the citizenship in the Kingdom of God beyond the state of Israel. One did non necessitate to be a girl of Abraham to be portion of the Covenant with God. Now about every Christian adult female in the universe, who would hold been a leery foreign adult female in the Old Testament, is a girl of Abraham in the New Covenant between God and His Peoples.

A Study on the Purpose of Marine Biology and the Effect of the Ocean Phenomena on Aquatic Animals

A Study on the Purpose of Marine Biology and the Effect of the Ocean Phenomena on Aquatic Animals Taking into account that around 70% of the earth is covered in oceans, marine biology is evidently a vital discipline in the protection of life in the waters. Marine biology is the scientific study of oceanic organisms or brackish and aquatic bodies in the water. This also includes plants and the terrestrial environment which has a direct impact on the sea waters. There are several disciplines in marine biology such as biological oceanography, physical oceanography, astronomy, chemistry, zoology, embryology, taxonomy, cellular biology, natural history and geology, molecular biology, morphology, and meteorology. A new aspect of marine conservation has lately drawn new scientific disciplines such as biogeography, marine ecology, botany, anthropology, zoology, fisheries biology, genetics, economics and law. This paper seeks to look at the principal aim of marine biology and discovering how aquatic organisms are controlled by ocean phenomena. Marine biology is concerned with various aspects of living in the waters. E.g. the way in which various organisms are adapted to the physical and chemical properties of oceanic water, the currents and movements of the ocean, the availability of light to various oceanic depths, and the solid surface of the sea floor. The marine is also a huge source of food supply, e.g. fish and shrimps. The weather and climatic conditions are also affected by the ocean circulation, and a lot of income is generated through international commerce, tourism and recreation. The dynamics of existence is also of essence in the study of marine biology. For instance the oxygen cycle by coral reefs, the predator- prey relations and the food chains, population and distribution, overfishing, invasive and endangered species. Another aspect of interest is the effects of pollution to the life of organisms in the oceans, especially oil spillages caused by shipping, inorganic wastes, sewage effluents, fertilizers and pesticides run-off from terrestrial land sources and silting owing to coastline construction activities. The marine is home to various aquatic beings. These include seabirds such as penguins and auks, various types of fish, invertebrates like the jellyfish, mammals such as whales and dolphins, reptiles such as sea snakes and sea turtles, marine fungi such as algae, plants like the mangrove, sea grass and seaweeds, and other microscopic organisms such as the zoo and phytoplankton. These organisms survive in different habitats in the ocean. There are two major categories of marine habitats namely pelagic or coastal habitat and demarsal or open ocean habitat. The pelagic habitats are those at the surface of the water while demarsal habitats are found deep in the sea. Marine organisms are consequently categorised depending on their habitats. i.e. pelagic organisms and demersal organisms, (Trist, 1999). Various technologies are used in marine biology to help in discovering the nature of survival and providence and the importance of marine life to man, e.g. in the provision of not only food and water, but also medicine, raw material and hydraulic energy. There are special tools that marine researchers use so as to effectively study marine life. These include trawling, which is used in collection of marine specimen and plankton nets to catch microorganisms in the water. These methods are mainly used for sampling. Tracking methods are also used and these encompass photo- identification research, critter cams, and hydrophones for detecting and recording acoustic signals in the ocean. The sound data is effective in monitoring the waves, ships, marine mammals and other oceanic activity. The sonar, which is similar to sounding, is essential in tracking larger objects in water and measuring the bathymetry (ocean depth). The sonar works by detecting echoes under water since sound waves in wa ter last longer than in air. Satellite tags are also used for tracking marine life. They are usually tagged with sensors that determine their migratory patterns. The satellites are also useful in measuring oceanic geographical data such as the colour and temperature of the water. These data helps in analysing oceanic characteristics such as the climate, the cold upwelling the warm water and the currents. There are also observational equipment used under the sea, these include the Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) which are unmanned robots that transmit data to researchers where diving is considered a health hazard. The ROVs are usually fitted with specimen retrieval tools, still and video cameras as well as other mechanical equipment necessary for carrying out measurements. Fibre optics is also an observational tool that uses LED light and cameras with low light, which are not distractions to deep marine life, to capture behavioural and characteristic aspects of sea creatures. Some sophisticated computerized technology is as well used in the collection, procession, analysis and display of data captured from sensors positioned strategically in marine environment to enhance measurement of temperature, salinity, navigation, depth and meteorological data. Researchers also operate under the waters. They live and work beneath water surfaces for lengthy periods. This was termed as the Aquarius by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (NOAA). The impact of humans on the ocean is often more damaging than constructive. This is through pollution which causes severe and diverse changes to the marine life, which subsequently results to a hazardous ecosystem. Pollution causes acidifying and warming of the ocean, expansion of dead zones within the oceanic depths and changes in water circulation. As a result, there is little abundance of sea grasses, mangroves, coral reefs and fish. The aquatic food chains are also altered as the distribution takes a new angle. More pests and diseases also become apparent in marine life, (Global Change Institute, 2010). However, what humans do not realize is the importance of marine life in the existence and survival of man and the earth at large. Most notably is the role of marine biology in land formation through erosion and displacement. This is quite relevant to the creation of the earth. According to history, the earth was initially a huge mass of land called the Pangaea. This super continen t had a ridge at the middle known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The hot spots in the ocean floor, holes underneath the ocean, released hot magma and lava from the core of the earth which caused a big crack. The cooling of the magma and lava formed a solid known as land. This is said to be a continuous process as the hot spots continue releasing colossal amounts of lava each year. Currently the frozen solids formed on the ocean surfaces are called islands. This shows how influential the ocean can be in the entire ecosystem. The air quality on earth is also influence by coral reefs, which are said to produce approximately 82% of the world’s oxygen while there is dissolution of carbon dioxide in the water. Coral reefs are also a source of food for marine life and a natural habitat for them. They are also a source of income as they are a site to the tourists, (Pandolfi, 2003). Therefore, lots of conservation needs to be done on marine life. There are various positive impacts of the marine life to humans. For example, it is a hub for future medical and pharmaceutical advancements. This is seen in cone snails (conidae) which are highly venomous. They produce neurotoxins which have a relaxing effect to the muscles. i.e. they are nerve inhibitors. This inhibitory action may be potential in providing alternative medications to the morphine which are significantly powerful and non-addictive. Another research advancement made in the biomedical applications is the identification of a special type of glue from a particular marine worm that tends to harden aqueous environments and seal veins and bones. This invention came from the discovery that this particular worm builds its habitat underwater by gluing up sand particles. Sponges have also been known to heal wounds faster and are thus used in surgical operations. Raw materials from the sea could also help in provision and supply of industrial and building materials, (Guldberg, 2010). Marine biology is palpably a vital discipline in realising the dependence of all terrestrial life and the planet as a whole on the ocean. It is thus, important to prevent more damage mainly caused by human ignorance and work to conserve and restore the damaged marine ecosystem and preserve vulnerable marine species.

Reward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reward - Essay Example A system of pay that targets an individual is based on the accomplishments of only one person. In this case, rewards are determined by the results put on the table. Pays based on performance do not necessarily account for knowledge and competence. High performance is rewarded while low performance is ‘punished’. Moreover, progressive performance given in levels can determine what reward is earned at what performance. Where different incentives are used on different individuals, the reward becomes incentive-based, and it is complemented by self-actualization. A team constitutes a number of people working on clearly defined common goals or objectives. The performance of a team can be rewarded in a number of ways, among them team-based rewards, rewarding individuals constituting the team, and group behavior (Levi, 2010). Rewards that are team-based target the team’s totality and productivity. The performance of the team is attributed to each member, and so are the rewards. Team performance can also be rewarded by considering individual contribution of each team member and subsequently determining the appropriate reward. Finally, group cooperation and motivation can be rewarded subject to the team

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Further Guseh & Oritsejafor (2007), corruption flourishes in Nigeria because of absence of desire and capacity from the corrupt leaders to modify country’s ethical tenor; tolerance or acceptance of corruption by civil society; and the dominance of the administration on economic globe. For Arik Airline, differentiation from corruption and mismanagement practices that cause discrimination and racism will result to anticorruption compliance rules and regulations. With the presence of corruption, Nigerian political and economic programs diminish efforts to develop viable airline institutions, and weaken the forecast of establishing a powerful institution in Nigeria. Anticorruption compliance rules wills result to viability and of the firm through establishment of citizen trust and confidence hence boosting profitability. Nwachukwu (2011) reveals that Arik Air was marred with corruption and mismanagement and in effort to become an international carrier, corruption, and mismanagemen t should be eliminated. Mismanagement has resulted into huge debts and loss of Airbus jet for failure to repay loans. Further, management results into bleaching of Nigerian labour laws resulting to hiring of foreign expatriates even for positions that local Nigerians would suit. With corruption, it is clear that it would be hard to hire Nigerians into Arik Air because the firm is in favour of hiring foreign based expatriates even as ground staff and the fact that no qualifications or expertise is checked to hire expatriates in some positions (Nwachukwu, 2011). Further, the firm has long ignored the Nigerian labour law requirement that for each expatriate, there has to be a Nigerian staff tp learn from the foreigner and implement eventually replace them within 12 months. Conversely, Arik Air hires expatriates to understudy the other expatriates while Nigerians remain under the same conditions

Microbiology Essay Example for Free

Microbiology Essay Unknown reports in microbiology are written in scientific format. Scientific writing is written differently from other types of writing. The results of the exercise or experiment are what are being showcased, not the writing. The purpose of scientific writing is not to entertain, but to inform. The writing should be simple and easy to understand. There is a specific style that must be followed when writing scientific reports. Scientific writing is typically written in the passive voice. The pronouns I, We and They are not typically used. . For example, instead of writing I used a TSA agar plate to isolate my unknown, it is customary to write, A trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate was used to isolate the unknown. It is also customary to write in the past tense for most of the report. This includes the introduction, the summary, the description of the materials and methods and the results. The present tense is reserved for the conclusions about the results. See the examples given below. Some other general rules that should be followed are: Microbial nomenclature: The name of the bacterium should written and spelled correctly. The name should be italicized or underlined. Italicized is preferred. For example, Staphylococcus aureus. The genus is capitalized but the species is not. After the full genus name is given in the paper, it can be written as S. aureus, but still italicized. This is as long as there in no other genera in the paper that starts with the same letter. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is where the details of the study are listed. Where did the specimen come from, and what methods were used to identify it? Be specific, but do not re write the lab manual. One way is to mention the names of the materials used and reference the lab manual for the procedure or method and then continue to elaborate when necessary. See example 1. Example 1: An unknown labeled as letter G was given out by the lab instructor. The methods that have been learned thus far for identifying bacteria have been applied to this unknown. Procedures were followed as stated in the course laboratory manual by De Mers (1), unless otherwise noted. The first procedure that needed to be done was to streak the unknown out on a Trypticase Soy Agar plate, using the T streak method described in the lab manual.. This needed to be done in order to test the purity of the unknown. After the plates were incubated and grown, the morphology was observed and recorded and a Gram stain was performed. Quality control bacteria were Gram stained along with the unknown to make sure that the Gram stain reaction was done correctly . After determining the Gram reaction, specific biochemical tests were performed. The biochemical tests were chosen from the unknown identification tables that were in the lab manual. Since unknown G was determined to be a Gram negative rod, an oxidase test was performed and the organism was inoculated into a BCP lactose tube. Note all of these tests were performed by the methods listed in the lab manual by De Mers (1). Table 1 lists the test, purpose, reagents and results. All of the following tests were performed on thi s unknown: 1. Oxidase test 2. BCP Lactose 3. Indole 4. H2S 5. Citrate 6. Motility 7. Methyl Red 8. Urea Another way is to write out the methods in detail in either a paragraph form or listed. This way is not necessary for this type of paper, since this is lab report for the identification of an unknown bacterium and the methods are explained in detail in the lab manual. If there is a procedure that the instructor added or made changes to, or the student used another procedure not in the course lab manual, then it should be written out and referenced.

jOHN :: essays research papers

Love is the greatest gift we can ever hope to give or receive. Love is the one thing that can overcome so many of the difficult times that we are faced with in life. Love is so powerful - it can turn frowns into smiles. It can help mend the most broken heart. It can even turn all of the ugliness in the world into the most beautiful portrait we could ever have the pleasure to behold. Such a monumental task - of course... it could be. But only if we try to do it alone. Instead, if each of us, in our own small way contributed just a little - together, the task can become the reality we're reaching for. As potent as what love can be, it can only work it's magic if we choose to allow it to. For that to come to pass we must let go of the other emotions that can get in love's way. How is that - you may wonder? Consider the thought that... Anger - It's normal, but holding on to it indefinitely isn't really necessary. Let it go... Forgiveness is so much better for the soul than holding on to a grudge. Not only will the person you're angry at be happier but so will you. Harshness - Harsh words take just as much effort and energy as kind ones do. Why not consider your choice of words before you speak them and choose gentler ones to get your point across. Impatience - Aren't we all guilty of this at one time or another? Keep reminding yourself of the old saying - "Patience is a virtue" - who wouldn't want to be a little more virtuous? (Webster describes "virtuous" as being of moral quality or excellence) Envy - We all know the saying here - "The grass is not always greener on the other side". Take that to heart and concentrate on "fertilizing" and "watering" your own to get it just as "green" as your neighbors' "lawn". You may wind up being the one envied instead. Mistakes - We all make them! So when someone else does, forgive them as you hope others would do for you. Allow them to be "only human" and consider the fact that they didn't mean any harm by it. Did you, when you made one? Revenge - Someone always gets hurt by this one - and not always the one you expect to.